Poised Solutions Tech Library

Absolute BSD

Absolute BSD Author: Michael Lucas Publisher: No Starch Press Published: 2002 Pages: 565

Absolute BSD is one of the best books on administering FreeBSD systems.

Absolute BSD Chapters

Absolute BSD Chapters

1. Introduction
   • What is FreeBSD?
   • How Did FreeBSD Get Here?
   • The BSD License: BSD Goes Public
   • The Birth of Modern FreeBSD
   • FreeBSD Development
     • Committers
     • Contributors
     • Users
   • Other BSDs
     • NetBSD
     • OpenBSD
     • BSD/OS
     • Mac OS X
   • Other UNIXes
     • Solaris
     • AIX
     • Linux
     • IRIX, HPUX, etc
   • FreeBSD's Strengths
     • Potability
     • Power
     • Simplified Software Management
     • Optimized Upgarde Process
     • Filesystem
   • Who Should Use FreeBSD
   • FreeBSD as Your Desktop
   • Who Should Run Another BSD
   • Who Should Run a Proprietary Operating System
   • How to Read This Book
   • What Must You Know?
   • How to Think About UNIX
     • Channels of Communication
     • Working with Channels
     • The Command Line
   • Contents of This Books
2. Installation
   • FreeBSD Hardware
     • Processor
     • Memory (RAM)
     • Hard Drives
   • Downloading FreeBSD
     • Installing by FTP
     • Other FTP Install Information
   • Hardware Setup
   • Actually Installing FreeBSD
     • Configuring the Kernel for ISA Cards
     • Sysinstall: the Ugly FreeBSD Installer
     • Disk Usage
   • Partitioning
   • Root
   • Swap Space
     • Swap Splitting
   • /var, /usr/, and /home
   • A Second Hard Drive
     • Soft Updates
     • Block Size
     • What to Install
     • Installation Media
     • Committing
   • Post-Install Setup
     • Root Password
     • Adding Users
     • Time Zone
     • Mouse
     • Configuring Network Cards
     • Xfree86
     • Software
   • Restart
   • A Note on Editors
3. Getting More Help
   • Why Not Mail First?
   • The FreeBSD Attitude
   • Man Pages
     • The FreeBSD Manual
     • Man Page Headings
   • The FreeBSD Documentation
   • The Mailing List Archive
   • Other Web Sites
   • Using FreeBSD Problem-Solving Resources
     • Checking the Handbook / FAQ
     • Checking the Man Pages
     • Checking the Mailing List Archives
     • Using Your Answer
     • Mailing for Help
4. Backup and Recovery
   • System Backups
   • Tape Devices
   • Controlling Your Tape Drive
     • Device Nodes
     • Using the TAPE Variable
     • The mt Command
   • Backup Programs
     • Tar
     • Dump / Restore
   • Restoring from an Archive
     • Checking the Contents of an Archive
     • Extracting Data from an Archive
     • Restoring Interactively
   • Recording What Happened
   • Revision Control
     • Getting Older Versions
     • Breaking Locks
     • Viewing Log Messages
     • Reviewing a File's Revision History
     • Ident and ident strings
     • Going Further
   • Single-User Mode
   • The Fixit Disk
5. Kenrel Games
   • What is the Kernel?
   • Configuring Your Kernel
     • Sysctl
     • Changing Sysctls
     • Setting Sysctls at Boot
     • Kernel Configuration with Loader.conf
     • Manually Configuring the Loader
   • Loading and Unloading Modules in Multi-User Mode
     • Viewing Loaded Modules
     • Loading and Unloading Modules
   • Customizing the Kernel
     • Preparation
     • Your Backup Kernel
     • Eidting Kernel Files
     • Basic Options
     • Multiple Processors
     • Device Entries
   • Building Your Kernel
     • Troubleshooting Kernel Builds
   • Booting an Alternate Kernel
   • Adding to the Kernel
     • LINT
     • Fixing Erorrs with Options
   • Twekaing Kernel Performance
   • Sharing Kernels
6. Networking
   • Network Layers
     • The Physical Layer
     • The Physical Protocol Layer
     • Teh Logical Protocol Layer
     • The Application Layer
   • The Network in Practice
     • Mbufs
     • What Is a Bit?
   • Ethernet
     • Broadcasting
     • Address Resolution
     • Hubs and Swtiches
     • Netmasks
     • Metmask Tricks
     • Hexadecimal Netmasks
     • Unusable IP Addresses
     • Routing
     • UDP and TCP
     • Network Ports
   • Connecting to an Ethernet Netwoek
     • Multiple IP Addresses on One Interface
     • Using Netstat
7. Upgrading FreeBSD
   • FreeBSD Versions
     • Release
     • FreeBSD-current
     • FreeBSD-stable
     • Snapshots
     • Security Updates
     • Which Release Should You Use?
   • Upgrade Methods
     • Upgrading via Systinstall
     • Upgrading via CvSup
     • Simplifying the CVSup Upgrade Process
   • Building a Local CVSup Server
     • Controlling Access
     • Authentication
     • Combining Authentication and Access
8. Securing Your System
   • Who is the Enemy
     • Script Kiddies
     • Disaffected Users
     • Skilled Attackers
     ?
   • FreeBSD Security Announcements
     • Subscribing
     • What You'll Get
   • Installation Security Profiles
     • Moderate
     • Extreme
   • Root, Groups, and Permissions
     • The root Password
     • Groups of Users
     • Primary Group
     • Some Interesting Default Groups
     • Group Permissions
   • Changing Permissions
     • Changing File Ownership
     • Assigning Permissions
   • File Flags
     • Viewing a File's Flags
     • Setting Flags
   • Securelevels
     • Setting Securelevels
     • Which Securelevels Do You Need?
     • What Won't Securelevel and File Flags Do?
     • Living with Securelevels
   • Programs That Can Be Hacked
   • Putting It All Together
9. Advanced Security Features
   • Traffic Control
     • Default Accept vs Default Deny
   • TCP Wrappers
     • Cnofgiuring Wrappers
     • Daemon Name
     • The Client List
     • Allow Options
     • Options for Responses
     • Putting It All Together
     • IPFilter
     • IPFW
     • Default Accept and Default Deny in Packet Filtering
     • Basic Concepts of Packet Filtering
     • Implementing IPFilter
   • Jail
     • Configuring Your Server to Use Jail
     • Configuring Your Kernel to Use Jail
     • Client Setup
     • Entering the Jail
     • Final Jail Setup
     • Starting the Jail
     • Manging Jails
     • Shutting Down a Jail
   • Monitoring System Security
   • If You're Hacked
10. Too Much Information About /etc
    • Varities of /etc files
    • Default Files
      • /etc/defaults/rc.conf
      • /etc/adduser.conf
      • /etc/crontab
      • /etc/csh.*
      • /etc/dhclient.conf
      • /etc/fstab
      • /etc/ftp.*
      • /etc/hosts.allow
      • /etc/hosts.equiv
      • /etc/hosts.lpd
      • /etc/inetd.conf
      • /etc/locate.rc
      • /etc/login.access
      • /etc/login.conf
      • /etc/mail/mailer.conf
      • /etc/make.conf and /etc/defaults/make.conf
      • /etc/master.passwd
      • /etc/motd
      • /etc/mtree/*
      • /etc/namedb/*
      • /etc/newsyslog.conf
      • /etc/passwd
      • /etc/periodic.conf and /etc/defaults/periodic.conf
      • /etc/printcap
      • /etc/profile
      • /etc/pwd.db
      • /etc/rc
      • /etc/rc.conf and /etc/defaults/rc.conf
      • /etc/resolv.conf
      • /etc/security
      • /etc/services
      • /etc/shells
      • /etc/spwd.db
      • /etc/ssh
      • /etc/sysctl.conf
      • /etc/syslog.conf
11. Making Your System Useful
    • Making Software
      • The Pain and Pleasure of Source Code
      • Debugging
    • The Ports and Packages System
      • Ports
      • Finding Software
      • Legal Restirctions
    • Using Packages
      • Installing from CD-ROM
      • Installing via FTP
      • What Does a Package Install?
      • Uninstalling Packages
      • Package Information
      • Controlling Pkg_add
      • Package Problems
      • Forcing an Install
    • Using Ports
      • Installing a Port
      • Using Make Install
      • Built-In Port Features
      • Uninstalling and Reinstalling
      • Cleaning Up and Make Clean
      • Building Packages
      • Changing the Install Path
      • Setting Make Options Permanently
    • Upgrading Ports and Packages
      • Upgrading the Ports Collection
      • Ports Collection Upgrade Issues
      • Checking Software Versions
      • Hints for Upgrading
12. Advanced Software Management
    • Startup and Shutdown Scripts
      • Typical Startup Script
      • Using Scripts to Manage Running Programs
    • Managing Shared Libraries
      • Ldconfig
    • Running Software form the Wrong OS
      • Recompilation
      • Emulation
      • ABI Implementation
      • Foreign Software Libraries
    • Installing and Enabling Linux Mode
      • Identifying Programs
      • What Is Linux_base?
      • Adding to Linux_base
      • Cpnfiguring Linux Shared Libraries
      • Installing Extra Linux Packages as RPMs
    • Using Multiple Processors - SMP
      • What is SMP?
      • Kernel Assumptions
      • FreeBSD 3.0 SMP
      • FreeBSD 5 SMP
      • Using SMP
      • SMP and Upgrades
13. Finding Hosts with DNS
    • How DNS Works
    • Basic DNS Tools
      • The Host Command
      • Getting Detailed Information with Dig
      • Looking Up Hostnames with Dig
      • More Dig Options
    • Configuring a DNS Client: The Resolver
      • Domain or Search Keywords
      • The Nameserver List
    • DNS Information Sources
      • The Hosts File
      • The Named Daemon
      • Zone Files
    • A Real Sample Zone
      • named.conf
      • /var/named/master/absolutebsd.com
      • Periods Termination and Zone Files
    • Making Changes Work
    • Starting Named at Bootime
    • Checking DNS
      • Named Configuration Errors
    • Named Security
    • Controlling Information Order
    • Make About BIND
14. Managing Small Network Services
    • Bandwidth Control
      • Configuring IPFW
      • Creating Pipe Rules
      • Reviewing IPFW Rules
      • Dummynet Queues
      • Directional Traffic Shaping
    • Public-Key Encryption
      • Certifcates
      • Create a Request
      • Being Your Own CA
    • SSH
      • Testing SSH
      • Enabling SSH
      • Basics of SSH
      • Connecting via SSH
      • Configuring SSH
    • System Time
      • Setting the Time Zone
      • Network Time Protocol
      • Ntpdate
      • Ntpd
      • /etc/inetd.conf
      • Configuring Programs in Inetd
      • Inetd Security
      • Starting Inetd
      • Changing Inetd's Behavior
15. Email Services
    • Email Overview
      • Where FreeBSD Fits In
      • The Email Protocol
    • Email Programs
      • Who Needs Sendmail?
      • Replacing Sendmail
      • Installing Postfix
      • Pieces fo Postfix
      • Configuring Postfix
      • Email Aliases
      • Email Logging
      • Virtual Domains
      • Postfix Commands
      • Finding the Correct Mail Host
      • Undeliverable Mail
    • POP3
      • Installing POP3
      • Tetsing POP3
      • POP3 Logging
      • POP3 Modes
      • Qpopper Preconfiguation Questions
      • Default Qpopper Configuration
      • APOP Setup
      • Configuring Pop3ssl
      • Qpopper Security
16. Web and FTP Services
    • How a Web Server Works
    • The Apache Web Server
      • Apache Configuration Files
      • Configuring Apache
      • Controlling Apache
    • Virtual Hosting
      • Name-Based Virtual Hosts
      • IP-Based Virutal Hosts
      • Twekaing Virtual Hosts
    • .NET on FreeBSD
      • Installing the SSCLI
    • FTP
      • FTP Security
      • The FTP Client
      • The FTP Server
17. File Systems and Disks
    • Device Nodes
      • Hard Disks and Partitions
    • The /etc/fstab File
    • Disk Basics
    • The Fast File System
      • Vnodes
      • FFS Mount Types
      • FFS Mount Options
    • What's Mounted Now?
    • Dirty Disks
      • Fsck
    • Mounting and Unmounting Disks
      • Mouting Standard Filesystems
      • Mounting with Options
      • Forcing Read-Write Mounts
      • Mounting All Standard Filesystems
      • Mounting at Non-Standard Locations
      • Unmounting
    • Soft Updates
      • Enabling Soft Updates
      • IDE Write Caching and Soft Updates
    • Virtual Memory Directory Caching
    • Mounting Foreign Filesystems
      • Using Foreign Mounts
      • Foreign Filesystem Types
      • Mount Options and Foreign Filesystems
    • Filesystem Permissions
    • Removable Media and /etc/fstab
    • Creating a Floppy
      • Low-Level Formatting
      • Creating an FFS Filesystem
      • Creating an MS-DOS Filesystem
    • The Basics of SCSI
      • SCSI Types
      • SCSI Adapters
      • SCSI Buses
      • Termination and Cabling
      • SCSI IDs and LUNs
    • FreeBSD and SCSI
      • Boot-Time Delay
      • Writing Down Devices
    • Adding New Hard Disks
      • Creating Slices
      • Creating Partitions
      • Configuring /etc/fstab
      • Installing Existing Files and onto New Disks
      • Temporary Mounts
      • Moving Files
      • Stackable Mounts
18. RAID
    • Hardware vs Softare RAID
    • RAID Levels
    • Software RAID
      • Vinum Disk Components
      • Vinum Plex Types
      • Preparing Vinum Drives
      • Dedicating Partitions to Vinum
      • Configuring Vinum
      • Concatenated Plex
      • Removing Vinum Configuration
      • Striped Volumes
      • Mirrored Volumes
      • Starting Vinum at Boot
      • Other Vinum Commands
      • Replacing a Failed Mirrored Plex
19. System Performance
    • Computer Resources
    • Disk Input/Output
    • Network Bandwidth
    • CPU and Memory
      • Using Tap
      • Memory Usage
      • Swap Space Usage
      • CPU Usage
    • When Swap Goes Bad
      • Paging
      • Swapping
      • Are You Swapping or Paging?
    • Real-World Performance Tuning
      • Fairness in Benchmarking
      • The Initial Test
      • Using Both CPUs
      • Directory Caching
      • Moving /usr/obj
    • Leasson Learned
20. Now What's It Doing?
    • Status Mail
      • Forwarding Reports
    • Logging with Syslogd
      • Facilities
      • Levels
      • Syslog.conf
      • Rotating Logs with Newsyslog.conf
    • Reporting with SNMP
      • Basics of SNMP
      • MIBs
      • Net-snmp
      • Snmpwalk
      • Specific Snmpwalk Queries
      • Translating Between Numbers and Names
      • Setting Up Snmpd
      • Index Numbers
    • Long-Term Monitoring with MRTG
      • Cnofiguring MRTG
      • Sample mrtg.cfg Entry
      • Testing MRTG
      • Tracking Other System Values
      • Useful Net-snmp MIBs
      • Monitoring a Single MIB
      • Customizing MRTG
      • MRTG Index Page
      • Sample MRTG Configurations
      • Monitoring Non-BSD Systems
21. System Crashes and Panics
    • What Causes Panics
      • What Does a Panic Look Like?
      ?
    • Responding to a Panic
      • Prerequisites
      • Crash Dump Process
      • The Debugging Kernel
      • Post-Panic Behavior
      • kernel.debug
      • Dumpon
      • Savecore
      • Upon a Crash
      • Dumps and Bad Kernels
    • Using the Dump
      • Advanced Kernel Debugging
      • Examining Lines
      • Examining Variables
      • Apparent Gdb Weirdness
      • Results
      • Vmcore and Security
      • Symbols vs. No Symbols
    • Serial Consoles
      • Hardware Serial Console
      • Software Serial Console
      • Changing the Configuration
      • Using a Serial Console
      • Serial Login
      • Emergency Login Setup
      • Disconnecting the Serial Console
    • Submitting a Problem Report
      • Problem Report System
      • Waht's in a PR?
      • Using Send-pr
      • Filing Out the Form
      • PR Results
22. Desktop FreeBSD
    • Accessing File Shares
      • Prerequisites
      • Character Sets
      • Kernel Support for CIFS
      • SMB Tools
      • Configuring CIFS
      • Minimum Configuration: Name Resolution
      • Other smbutil Functions
      • Mounting a Share
      • Other mount_smbfs Options
      • Sample nsmb.conf Enteries
      • CIFS File Ownership
    • Serving Windows File Shares
    • Accessing Print Servers
      • Lpd
      • /etc/printcap
      • Running a Local Lpd
      • Printer Testing
    • Local Printers
    • X: A Graphic Interface
      • X Prerequisities
      • X Versions
      • Configuring X
      • Making X Look Decent
    • Desktop Applications
      • Web Browsers
      • Email Readers
      • Office Suites
      • Music
      • Graphics
      • Desk Utilities
      • Games

Absolute BSD Appendices

1. Some useful Sysctl MIBS
2. Index